Why you should actually use tabs to indent files🔗

If you’re writing a Real Professional Document in Microsoft Word™, and you indent your paragraphs by just pressing space until you think the line looks indented enough, your editor will send your document back with a note saying “You’re incompetent, go back to baby school for babies”, or somesuch. If you want to indent a section, you indent it, you don’t add spaces; spaces and indentation represent fundamentally different things. “Spaces” are different than “space”.

Tabs specify an indentation level, NOT physical space. They’re higher level abstractions, in that sense, than spaces. The tab key was originally for tabulation, or specifying a column in a table. When you specify tabs, you’re not talking about the physical distance (whether in units of pixels or characters) of the next character from the left side of the window, you’re talking about a hierarchical level.

But the biggest argument in favour of tabs is accessibility. Since tabs represent a conceptual indentation level, text editors can render them however the user wants. Some people are comfortable with two-space tabs, some people might require more than four characters worth of space. Some people might want something fancy, like dropped lines signifying the indentation level. I’ve even seen some very clever things done with hanging tabstops, where indented lines are positioned dynamically based on other lines, rather than arbitrarily positioned away from the start of the line.

Why I don’t🔗

I’m a python developer, and in python, whitespace is a big deal. Whitespace is semantic in python (which is wonderful, by the way), and so it matters a great deal how your lines are indented. Take this code example:

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def getItems(obj):
    for itemList in obj['items']:
        for item in itemList:
            yield item

Say someone edits this method so it uses yield from syntax, instead:

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def getItems(obj):
    for itemList in obj['items']:
		yield from itemList

This is better written, except that it won’t run, because “someone” indented⁴ line 3 there with tabs instead of spaces, which doesn’t match the line above it, and that’s a full-on syntax error³ in python. The python compiler⁵ won’t even run the file.

You can test this by typing this into the interactive prompt. You won’t even get a chance to call the function, it’ll immediately raise a TabError (or IndentationError on awful garbage versions of python that need to be thrown in the trash).

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>>> def getItems(obj):
...     for itemList in obj['items']:
...             yield from itemList
  File "<stdin>", line 3
    yield from itemList
                      ^
TabError: inconsistent use of tabs and spaces in indentation
>>>

This is just one example — and I think it’s a pretty good one — of a case where you need to know if some whitespace is a tab or not.

And that’s the crux of the problem. If I’m working on a file that has tabs in it at all, I need to know what’s a tab and what’s a space while I’m working on it. Both tabs and spaces are non-printing characters, which means my editor is going to have to indicate where the tabs are, somehow. Let’s see how they do that:

Oh. Oh. That’s not good at all. Where did all that dirt come from?

And that screenshot is from Github’s pretty HTML5 code viewer; doing something like this on a terminal, or in an environment that requires any amount of contrast, fills your screen with distracting clutter.

There are Vim settings to replace tab characters with arrow characters, and Emacs comes with a standard whitespace-mode to handle differentiating whitespace characters. That looks like

Oh. There’s a problem here.

The amount of additional visual information you need to have on screen if your document contains tab characters amounts to unnecessary clutter. That’s all extra information you have to be be consciously processing.

Beautiful is better than ugly. Clutter is bad and bad for you. I always end up avoiding the problem altogether by just always using spaces.

At least it’s for an actual reason that simplifies my workflow, such that if I used tabs instead, it would cause actual problems. It’s nice to at least have a reason. Since most of my code is either just for me or part of a codebase that already uses spaces, I don’t feel too bad about it.

Related reading🔗

• /u/ChaseMoskal, Nobody talks about the real reason to use Tabs over Spaces
• Alexander Sandberg, Tabs for Accessibility
• Jamie Zawinski, Tabs versus Spaces: An Eternal Holy War.